Captab Junior

Ibuprofen and Paracetamol Suspension is a combination pediatric formulation used for the effective relief of fever, pain, and inflammation in children. It combines two well-established medications with complementary mechanisms of action to provide broader and more effective symptom control.

• Paracetamol (Acetaminophen): Analgesic and antipyretic

• Ibuprofen: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

• Paracetamol: 125 mg or 162.5 mg

• Ibuprofen: 100 mg

Exact composition may vary slightly by brand or country.

• Paracetamol acts primarily in the central nervous system by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, reducing fever and mild to moderate pain.

• Ibuprofen inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2), reducing the production of prostaglandins at sites of inflammation, providing pain relief, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects.

The combination results in faster onset and longer duration of action than either drug alone.

• Fever due to infections (e.g., cold, flu, tonsillitis)

• Teething pain

• Headache

• Earache

• Post-immunization fever and pain

• Musculoskeletal pain or sprains

• Mild to moderate pain associated with injury or inflammation

• Zinc Gluconate equivalent to Elemental Zinc 20 mg

Zinc Gluconate Oral Solution is a zinc supplement used to treat or prevent zinc deficiency and support immune function, growth, and wound healing. It is especially beneficial in children and infants for maintaining normal development and in managing acute diarrhea.

Zinc Gluconate is a well-tolerated and easily absorbable form of zinc, ideal for oral supplementation.

• Trace Element Supplement / Mineral Supplement

• Prevention and treatment of zinc deficiency

• Supportive therapy in acute and persistent diarrhea (especially in children)

• Promotes immune function

• Supports normal growth and development in infants and children

• Wound healing and skin health

• Improves appetite and nutritional status

Zinc is an essential trace element involved in numerous enzymatic reactions. It plays a critical role in:

• Immune system modulation

• Cell growth and repair

• Protein and DNA synthesis

• Intestinal mucosa repair during diarrhea

• Children (6 months to 5 years): 10–20 mg elemental zinc once daily for 10–14 days in diarrhea (as per WHO guidelines)

• Or as directed by a healthcare professional.

A solution containing Sodium Chloride 0.65% w/v and Benzalkonium Chloride Solution 0.02% w/v is typically a nasal solution (nasal drops or nasal spray). It's a common over-the-counter product used for nasal hygiene and to relieve various nasal discomforts.

Here's a breakdown of its components and uses:

Composition and Mechanism of Action:

1. Sodium Chloride 0.65% w/v (Saline):

   • Class: Isotonic saline solution (a salt solution that has a similar concentration of salt as the body's natural fluids).
   • Action:
     • Moisturizing: It helps to add moisture to the dry nasal passages, preventing irritation and crusting.
     • Loosening Mucus: By moistening the nasal lining, it helps to thin and loosen thick, dried, or crusty mucus, making it easier to blow out or remove (especially in infants and young children).
     • Cleansing/Flushing: It acts as a gentle rinse to wash away allergens (like pollen, dust), irritants, pollutants, and excess mucus from the nasal passages. This helps to clear the nasal passages and promote easier breathing.
     • Gentle: Being isotonic, it is generally non-irritating to the nasal membranes.

2. Benzalkonium Chloride Solution 0.02% w/v:

   • Class: Quaternary ammonium compound; primarily used as a preservative and has antiseptic/antimicrobial properties.
   • Action:
     • Preservative: Its primary role in this formulation is to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in the solution, thereby maintaining its sterility and extending its shelf life after opening. This is crucial for multi-dose nasal products.
     • Mild Antiseptic: While its concentration here is primarily for preservation, benzalkonium chloride also has mild antiseptic qualities that can help prevent the spread of bacteria within the nasal passages to some extent.

Therapeutic Uses:

This combination is primarily used for:

• Dryness inside the Nose: Relieves dryness and irritation caused by dry air, low humidity, air conditioning, or certain medical conditions.
• Nasal Congestion (Stuffy Nose): Helps to clear blocked nasal passages by dissolving and softening thick or crusty mucus, making it easier to breathe. This is beneficial for congestion due to:
  • Common cold
  • Flu
  • Allergies (allergic rhinitis)
  • Sinusitis
• Post-nasal Drip: Helps to thin and clear mucus that drips down the back of the throat.
• Nasal Hygiene: Regular use can help maintain nasal cleanliness, especially for individuals exposed to dust, pollutants, or allergens.
• Adjunctive Therapy: Can be used alongside other nasal medications (like steroid nasal sprays or decongestants) to help prepare the nasal passages for better absorption of other drugs or to manage dryness that some medications might cause.
• Infant and Young Children: Particularly useful for babies and young children who cannot blow their noses, as it helps to loosen mucus for easier removal with a nasal aspirator.

Composition:
Each 1 mL ampoule contains:
Diclofenac Sodium IP 25 mg or 75 mg (as per strength)
Water for Injection IP q.s.

Diclofenac Sodium Injection IP is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for the management of pain and inflammation associated with a variety of acute and chronic conditions. It is administered via intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) route for rapid onset of action.

Linezolid 100 mg typically refers to the dosage strength of the antibiotic Linezolid, which is available in various forms, including tablets and oral suspension (often 100 mg/5 mL). This medication is a significant tool in combating serious bacterial infections, particularly those caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Here's a comprehensive description of Linezolid, with a focus on its properties and uses:

Drug Class and Mechanism of Action:

• Class: Linezolid belongs to a unique class of antibiotics called Oxazolidinones. It was the first drug in this class to be approved.
• Mechanism of Action: Unlike many other antibiotics, Linezolid inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by interfering with the initiation of translation. It binds to a specific site on the bacterial 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit, preventing the formation of a functional 70S initiation complex. This unique mechanism makes it effective against bacteria that have developed resistance to other antibiotic classes. It is bacteriostatic (stops bacterial growth) for most organisms, but can be bactericidal (kills bacteria) for some, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Spectrum of Activity:

Linezolid is primarily active against Gram-positive bacteria, including:

• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): A common cause of severe skin, soft tissue, and bloodstream infections, and hospital-acquired pneumonia.
• Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE): A highly resistant bacterium that causes various infections, especially in healthcare settings.
• Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-susceptible strains).
• Streptococcus pneumoniae (including multi-drug resistant strains).
• Other streptococci and enterococci.
• Certain anaerobic bacteria (e.g., Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides fragilis).
• Some atypical bacteria.

It is important to note that Linezolid is generally NOT effective against Gram-negative bacteria and viral infections (like colds or flu).

Therapeutic Uses (Indications):

Linezolid 100 mg (as part of a prescribed dosage regimen) is used to treat serious infections, particularly when caused by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria, including:

• Pneumonia:
  • Nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pneumonia.
  • Community-acquired pneumonia.
• Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections (cSSSI): Including diabetic foot infections, cellulitis, and wound infections.
• Uncomplicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections (uSSSI).
• Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) infections: Including bacteremia (bloodstream infections).